In the coatings industry, controlling foam is essential to maintaining quality, efficiency, and performance. Whether in water-based paints, industrial coatings, or ink systems, foam can disrupt manufacturing and compromise film appearance. Entrapped air during mixing and application can result in surface defects such as craters, pinholes, and poor gloss — making a reliable defoamer an indispensable component of modern formulations.

Defoamers work by destabilizing foam bubbles, allowing trapped air to escape more quickly and preventing new foam from forming. Selecting the right defoamer depends on formulation compatibility, application process, and desired film properties. For example, in high-speed production environments or low-VOC systems, the need for low-viscosity, fast-acting, and residue-free defoamers is even greater.

Rickman defoamers are engineered to meet the specific needs of coating manufacturers. Our product line offers excellent foam knockdown, long-term stability, and compatibility with various binder systems including acrylics, polyurethanes, and epoxies. They are suitable for use in architectural paints, industrial finishes, and pigment dispersions, where both aesthetics and durability are critical.

What sets Rickman apart is not just our product performance, but our service approach. We collaborate with clients to evaluate their formulations, conduct lab simulations, and offer tailored solutions that improve efficiency and minimize formulation risk. From technical consultation to application support, Rickman is a trusted partner in helping you achieve a smoother, defect-free finish every time.

Click on the related products links：RK-980P（Good compatibility Defoamer） /RK-8680（Outstanding foam breaking performance Defoamer）

Foam generation is a common issue in the pulp and paper industry, impacting process efficiency, water consumption, and final product quality. Whether during pulping, washing, or coating, excessive foam can cause overflow, slow down production, and lead to defects in paper formation. To maintain smooth operations and maximize output, effective defoamer solutions are essential.

The Role of Defoamers in Pulp & Paper Manufacturing
Defoamers are critical for reducing and preventing foam-related challenges at different production stages. By breaking foam bubbles and controlling air entrapment, they enhance water drainage, reduce chemical loss, and improve the overall efficiency of pulp processing. A reliable paper industry defoamer provides:

Faster Water Removal – Enhances dewatering efficiency during pulp washing and sheet formation.
Improved Chemical Performance – Reduces excess surfactant interference and optimizes retention aid efficiency.
Higher Product Quality – Prevents foam-induced defects, ensuring uniform texture and coating.
Operational Stability – Minimizes maintenance downtime caused by foam buildup and overflow.

Beyond product performance, Rickman provides expert technical support, custom formulations, and on-site optimization services. We collaborate with manufacturers to design targeted defoamer solutions, enhancing production efficiency while reducing costs.

Meet Us at PAPER EURASIA 2025!

Rickman Chemical will showcase cutting-edge defoamer solutions at PAPER EURASIA 2025 in Istanbul!

Join us to explore our latest innovations and discuss how our defoamers can optimize your paper production process!

Booth: Hall 10 (China Pavilion), A2
Date: May 7–9, 2025

Research on catalytic materials and catalytic reactions has always been one of the hotspots for scholars, and so are the cover articles related to them. Because of the different research focuses of different articles, some focus on the catalytic reaction itself, some discuss the preparation of catalytic materials, and some pay more attention to the improvement of catalytic efficiency. In addition, the concept of catalysis is a little abstract, which brings certain difficulties to our cover design, how to turn abstract into concrete, highlight the key points and take the overall situation into account, which becomes a problem that all cover designers need to think about. Here, we cite several catalytic cover designs for different research focuses for your discussion.

 

NO.1 Focus on the overall reaction process

The figure below is a cover art published in ChemComm, whose main research object is an organic synthesis reaction. This kind of cover art needs to show the whole process of the reaction, so in the design idea, we need to consider that the substrate, the product and the catalyst appear in the movie at the same time.

 

We used the method of building scenes, comparing the two actions of "crossing the bridge" and "reacting" to show the overall appearance of the reaction.

 

NO.2 Focus on Catalyst Preparation

Sometimes, our main concern is the preparation of a catalytic material rather than a specific reaction. In such cases, our design approach should shift toward the catalyst itself, completely setting aside the reaction process to highlight the key focus.  

 

The illustration shown is a cover artwork published in Catalysis Science & Technology. It metaphorically represents the preparation process as a road, where a vehicle moves forward, gradually transforming metal elements into stable single-atom catalysts.

 

NO.3 Focus on Enhancing Catalytic Rate

When discussing catalytic reactions, reaction rate is an ever-present topic. Since rate itself is an abstract concept without a physical form, it is often represented through analogies with real-world objects that embody speed.  

 

For instance, an article published in Advanced Electronic Materials uses a comparison between a horse-drawn carriage and a high-speed train to vividly illustrate and compare catalytic efficiency.

 

 

NO.4 Focus on the Catalyst Itself

As the saying goes, “the essence remains unchanged despite variations.” The catalyst is always one of the fundamental cores of a catalytic reaction. Therefore, many cover articles prominently feature the catalyst itself or its representative imagery at the center of the cover design.  

This approach is one of the most classic representations in catalyst-related cover artworks.

 

 

The above are common design approaches for cover artworks related to catalytic research, providing valuable references. However, the latest creative ideas often capture attention more effectively. Therefore, we should continuously explore new concepts and strive for innovation together.

 

When drawing scientific illustrations, we often face the choice between bitmap and vector graphics. This article will focus on exploring their definitions and differences for reference.

 

1. Image Types and Definitions

Vector Graphics: Composed of mathematically defined curves, with anchor points and paths as their basic components.

 

 

Bitmap Graphics: Also known as raster or pixel graphics, they are composed of individual pixels. When magnified, it becomes evident that the image consists of tiny square pixels.

 

 

2. Image Types and Resolution

Vector Graphics: They are resolution-independent, meaning they can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing clarity.

Bitmap Graphics: Composed of pixels, so when an image is enlarged, the pixels also get bigger. Since each pixel has a single color, enlarging a bitmap image results in the well-known pixelation effect.

 

3. Image Types and Color Representation

Bitmap Graphics: Capable of displaying rich and detailed colors, making them ideal for realistic images of natural objects.

Vector Graphics: Due to mathematical constraints, they have limited color representation and cannot effectively depict realistic objects. Instead, vector graphics are often used for icons, logos, illustrations and other simple, clear designs.

In the following images, you can see that bitmap graphics display a wider range of colors.

 

Bitmap Graphics

Vector Graphics

 

4. Image Types and File Formats

Common Bitmap Formats: bmp, pcx, gif, jpg, tif, psd of photoshop etc.

Common Vector Formats: AI, EPS, SVG (AdobeIllustrator), dwg, dxf (AutoCAD), cdr (CorelDRAW), etc.

 

5. Image Type Conversion

Vector graphics can be converted into bitmap images using graphic design software. However, converting a bitmap image into a vector graphic requires complex and extensive data processing, and the quality of the resulting vector image may vary significantly.

Understanding Image Color Modes

The color mode of an image is a model that expresses a certain color in digital form, or a way to record the color of an image. It is divided into: RGB mode (ideal for digital displays), CMYK mode (optimized for print media), HSB mode (intuitive hue-saturation-brightness representation), Lab color mode (device-independent color space), grayscale mode (scientific imaging and monochrome graphics), indexed color mode (limited palette for web graphics), two-tone mode (elegant duotone effects), and multi-channel mode (specialized color separations).

In scientific research and journal cover design, the most critical color modes are grayscale mode (for microscopy and monochrome data), RGB mode (for on-screen presentations and digital publications), and CMYK mode (for high-quality printed journal covers and figures). Understanding these modes ensures accurate color representation in scientific visuals.

 

1、Gray scale

Definition: also known as grayscale map, the image expressed in gray scale is called grayscale map.

Grayscale color: pure white, pure black and a series of transition colors from black to white.      

Features: It does not contain any hue, that is, there are no colors such as red and yellow.

 

 

 

2. RGB

RGB mode is mainly used for screen display and is a luminous color mode. All colors in nature can be obtained by combining different intensities of the three color wavelengths of red, green and blue (RGB), which is what people often call the three-primary color principle. It is more suitable for electronic journals and can also be used for paper journals.

 

 

3. CMYK

CMYK color mode is a printing mode and a reflective color mode. The four letters refer to Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black, representing four ink colors in printing.

CMYK mode is essentially the same as RGB mode, except that the principle of color generation is different. In RGB mode, the color is generated by mixing the colored light emitted by the light source, while in CMYK mode, the light shines on paper with different proportions of C, M, Y, and K inks. After part of the spectrum is absorbed, the light reflected to the human eye generates color. It is more suitable for paper journals.

 

 

 

4, Notes:

CMYK and RGB are the most common color modes in academic journals.

For the mutual conversion of the two image color modes, the CMYK color range (gamut) and RGB mode are relatively small, so the CMYK mode can be converted to RGB mode, while  RGB mode may cause color distortion when converted to CMYK mode.

 

For example, the two journal covers below demonstrate how color modes impact design: the left cover is in RGB mode, while the right cover has been converted to CMYK mode. Due to CMYK's smaller color gamut, the hues appear more vivid and abrupt, with weaker transitions. This shift is a common challenge in scientific cover design, where accurate color representation is crucial.

This color mode conversion problem is also frequently encountered by many researchers when making diagrams, We hope today’s discussion helps you navigate these color mode conversions effectively!

 

 

When discussing the differences between vector graphics and bitmap images, we touched upon a key characteristic of bitmap images—resolution. Indeed, resolution plays a crucial role in scientific image collection and paper preparation. This article will explore the definition of resolution, how to calculate it, and common issues related to it.

1. Definition of Image Resolution

Image resolution is a unique attribute of bitmap images, referring to the number of pixels contained within an inch of an image. It is measured in DPI (dots per inch), often referred to as "pixels per inch" or "dots per inch." Essentially, resolution determines the level of detail in an image, much like the concept of density in physics.

2. How to Calculate Image Resolution

When we know the physical size of an image and the number of its pixels, we can calculate the size of its resolution with the formula shown below.

3. About image size

One thing to pay special attention to is that when we refer to image size, it is not the physical size of the image but the number of pixels (number size) in the drawing software. Usually, the larger the resolution, the finer the image. As shown in the following figure, the physical size of the same two diagrams, the more the number of its pixel grid, the finer the image.

4. Frequently Asked Questions About Resolution

Q1: Since it is said that the larger the resolution, the finer the image, is it true that the larger the resolution, the better the image quality?

From this extreme example above, it seems that increasing the resolution does not affect the fineness of the image when the image has a single color. So, in the face of more complex color images, the resolution can be appropriately increased, while the color of a single image can meet the demand.

Q2：The difference between PPI and DPI.

ppi (pixels per inch): the sampling rate of the image (in the image, the number of pixels contained in each inch), refers to the smallest point of the screen can be resolved.

dpi (dots per inch): print resolution (the number of dots per inch that can be printed, that is, the printing accuracy), in general, can be understood as the smallest physical device can be resolved unit.

The two use different scenarios (screen and print), the definition is slightly different, can be generalized to some extent.

Q3：Can I put an image into Photoshop by directly increasing the resolution to make the image clearer?

It is possible to get Photoshop to increase the DPI, but there is no practical significance, because the total amount of information the image has has already been determined. If you increase the resolution at the same size, it will only result in an unrealistic enlargement of the pixels in the image (the extra pixels are calculated by difference); if you don't limit the size, you will change the size at the same time as you change the resolution. Therefore, the resolution should be determined at the beginning of the image drawing and not hope to change it later.

Q4：Are there any requirements for image resolution in journal submissions?

In journal submissions, generally for color portfolio images, the image requirements are 300 dpi or higher, depending on the journal's author submission guidelines.

For example, the author guidelines on the PNAS website have the following image resolution requirements:

Please supply high-resolution files whenever possible. Resolution of at least 1200 dpi is needed for all line art, 600 dpi for images that combine line art with photographs/halftones, and 600 dpi for images that combine line art with photographs/halftones. Resolution of at least 1200 dpi is needed for all line art, 600 dpi for images that combine line art with photographs/halftones, and 300 dpi for color or grayscale photographic images. Please review the PNAS Digital Art Guidelines.

 

 

Though the general slide mats has nicely served for more than 2 years in our clients′water parks, H-FUN research team continuously devote ourselves to create new player-oriented slide mats with the aim of safer and more ergonomic.

After thousands of tests, H-FUN team finally created the new ergonomic water slide mats.

The new slide mat uses 20 mm non-toxic EVA abrasion resistant material. New ergonomic design handle has been reinforced with four screws which make the slide mat much safer and more suitable for players.

Two layers reinforced material make the new design water slide mat serves much longer than those old ones.

The screws have been totally covered in the EVA foam which keep the water slide away from damages while the mat slides.

58” dimension suit for most of players.

Guangzhou H-Fun Water Recreational Articles Co., LTD. is an experienced professional water recreational articles research and development team, manufacturer and supplier. We get expert water park products research and development team, targeting at creating the most safety and ergonomic water articles which can serve the global world. We run our own factory which follows the strictest water recreational articles producing standards. And we only supply the qualified high-class products without any substandard goods. 

H-FUN hope to cooperate with clients all over the world to bulid longterm business relationship.

Guangzhou H-Fun Water Recreational Articles Co., LTD. is an experienced professional water recreational articles manufacturer. We run our own factory and company with exhibition hall. Let get into the showing room to explore how H-Fun differs.

Kinds of water park safety H-Fun design tubes for water slide and pool float.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design single tube for water slide and pool float.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design double tube for water slide and pool float.

Water park safety transparent H-Fun design double tube for water slide and pool float.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design double tube with backrest for water slide and pool float.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design tripple tube for water slide and pool float.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design four person water slide tube for water slides.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design four air chamber four person water slide tube for water slides: Even one of the air chambers gets damaged, others will not be affected, and the four air chamber water slide tube still can carry players back safely.

Water park safety solid H-Fun design five person water slide tube for water slides.

Water park safety solid roud H-Fun design family water slide tube for water slides.

Water park safety H-Fun design EVA life jackets for pool float

Water park safety H-Fun design water slide mats for water slides

H-Fun water park storage locker and ticket channel

H-Fun water park live saving chair and floating board

The lounger of H-Fun

Otherwater recreational articles of H-Fun

H-Fun have highly experienced professional teams in R&D, management and producing who devote all the time to saving our customers′ money, time, energy and trouble. Our water park tubes are sealed by Heat Bonding Technology which make us competitive and realible. Nowdays, many H-Fun′s products, just like "Safety Slide Tube", "Tube with Backrest" and " Ergonomic Slide Mat" with patent protection, have become popular in our clients′ water parks in domestic China and overseas. H-fun team hope to cooperate with customers around the whole world to redefine the future of the water parks.

Water parks have long been a symbol of joy, adventure, and family-friendly entertainment. As the global demand for immersive aquatic experiences grows, the role of cutting-edge equipment suppliers becomes pivotal. Enter Guangdong  H-Fun Water Recreational Articles Co., Ltd., a trailblazer in the water park industry that has been crafting unforgettable aquatic adventures for over two decades. In this blog, we explore how is revolutionizing water parks with its innovative designs, safety-first approach, and commitment to sustainability.

First,Innovation at the Core: Transforming Water park Dreams into Reality

Guangdong H-Fun stands out for its ability to merge creativity with engineering excellence. Their product portfolio spans:

Thrilling Water Slides: From high-speed freefall slides to family-friendly raft rides, it designs cater to adrenaline junkies and casual visitors alike.

Interactive Water Play Structures: Think splash pads, tipping buckets, and aquatic obstacle courses that engage kids and adults.

Wave Pools & Lazy Rivers: Advanced wave generation systems and serene floating experiences that mimic natural waterways.

Themed Attractions: Customizable designs that align with park themes, whether futuristic, tropical, or fantasy-inspired.

By leveraging 3D modeling and virtual reality simulations, H-Fun ensures every ride is optimized for excitement, flow, and visual appeal.

Second, Safety: The Non-Negotiable Priority

Water park fun must always align with safety. it’s equipment adheres to international standards and incorporates:

Anti-Slip Surfaces : Critical for wet environments.

Ergonomic Design: Smooth edges, secure harness systems, and optimized water flow to minimize risks.

Durable Materials: Corrosion-resistant stainless steel, UV-stabilized plastics, and non-toxic coatings ensure longevity and user safety.

H-Fun’s team also provides comprehensive training for park operators, ensuring seamless maintenance and emergency preparedness.

Third, Sustainability: Making Waves Responsibly

Modern water parks face pressure to reduce environmental footprints. H-Fun addresses this through:

Energy-Efficient Systems: Solar-powered pumps, LED lighting, and smart water recycling technologies.

Eco-Friendly Materials: Recyclable components and low-VOC paints.

Water Conservation: Filtration systems that minimize waste and chemical usage.

By prioritizing green innovation, H-Fun helps parks align with global sustainability goals while cutting operational costs.

The team of Guangzhou H-Fun has more than 10 years experience of water park products. At the beginning, we make order from other inflatable product factories, but problems come soon.

That is the reason why we decide to build our own factory to produce safety water park tubes by using hot air welding technology(Heat bonding). We found the most skilled workers to guarantee the quality of our products, and developed integrated mould to control the cost.

Our new products soon get popular in many water parks and get some main customer like Wanda and Floraisland. These new products can be used much longer than old ones. As time went by, we found the handles became the brittlest part. After trail and error, we reinforced the handle with PVC pad to solve this problem.

We extra reinforced the middle joint of four person tube, which is the weak part before. Last year, we created four-air-chamber safety four person tubes(Clover Leaf Tube), which is much steadier and safer: even one of the air chambers get damaged, others will not be affected, and the tube still can carry players back safely.

We apply patent for this design and introduce the safety tube to our customer. Now, no players get hurt on our clients' water park anymore after using our safety tube.

H-FUN would love to cooperate with customers around the whole world to create a safe water amusement park circumstance for the global human beings.